ABSTRACT
AIM: To measure the glucose and insulin responses of a standard dry pasta and a dry pasta enriched with egg in their long and short presentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The glycemic index (GI) and the insulin index (II) were determined in a randomized, cross over protocol in 10 healthy volunteers between 26 and 58 years of age. Each subject underwent ten tests: six with the standard meal (bread) and four with the study pastas. Every study pasta was evaluated 10 times. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in the fasted state and over the 180 min following commencement of consumption of the foods. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated for the values above baseline for the 3-hour period following the meal. GI and II were calculated as the ratio of glucose and insulin Auks for a given test meal and the AUCs for the standard meal. RESULTS: Both type of pasta in their long and short presentation had lower GI than the standard meal (long pasta A: 47.8+/-54.4 percent, pasta B: 58.6+/-95.4 percent; short pasta A:71.4+/-32.8, pasta B: 79.9+/-47.6 percent percent p<.001). The II was lower with the two type of large pasta compare to the standard meal and to the two type of short pasta (p<.005). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that dry pasta with or without addition of egg put in the mass, is low Gl food. Long dry pasta has lower insulin response.
Introducción: Las pastas secas (industrializadas) se caracterizan por ser manufacturadas a base de harina dura de trigo y otros cereales, llamado semolina, a diferencia del pan que se prepara con harina fina, lo que supone que la respuesta insulinémica y glicémica debiera ser menor que la del pan. Objetivo: Medir la respuesta glicémica e insulinsulinémica de una pasta seca estándar y una pasta seca enriquecida con huevo, de presentación larga (espagueti) y corta (corbata). Material y Métodos: El índice glicémico (IG) e índice insulinémico (II) se determinaron en 10 sujetos sanos entre 26 y 58 años de edad. En forma aleatoria a cada sujeto se le midió la glicemia e insulina en ayuno y después de ingerir en forma isoglucídica alimento estándar (pan marraqueta) o los 2 tipos de pasta en presentación larga o corta a los 15,45,60,90,120,150 y 180 minutos. Posteriormente se calculó el área bajo la curva (ABC) de glucosa e insulina en cada sujeto. Los IG e II fueron calculados como la razón entre el ABC para un alimento de prueba dado y el ABC del alimento estándar (considerado el 100 por ciento). RESULTADOS : Ambos tipos de pasta en presentación larga y corta presentaron menor IG que el alimento estándar (marraqueta) ( pasta larga A: 47,8+/-54,4, pasta larga B: 58,6+/-95,4 por ciento; pasta corta A:71,4+/-32,8 por ciento, pasta corta B: 79,9+/-4,.6 por ciento p<001). El II de los dos tipos de pasta larga fue menor que el alimento estándar y los mismos tipos de pasta, pero cortas (p<.005). El II de las pastas cortas no se diferenció del alimento estándar. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que las pastas secas con o sin adición de huevo tienen una menor respuesta glicémica que el alimento estándar, por lo tanto, se pueden clasificar como alimento de bajo IG. Además las pastas de presentación larga tienen una menor respuesta insulinémica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Glycemic Index , Pastas , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus , Glucose Intolerance , Oxidative StressABSTRACT
Background: A few objective indicators support the relevance of articles published in medical journals, such as the ISI Impact Factor and Citation Indices. However, a feedback from the readers can help to improve ajournal Aim: To report the results of an opinión survey addressed to readers of Revista Médica de Chile, in June-August 2007. Material and methods: A survey was devised and distributed electronically or by mail among all subscribers. It requested information about gender, age, site of work, proportion of time dedicated to clinical practice, teaching or research, plus their opinion about the contents and format of the journal, inviting them to propose improvements. Results: The survey was distributed to 1274 subscribers (98.7 percent physicians, most living in Chile) and was responded by 309 (24 percent). Those who responded were practicing medicine for a mean of 24 ± 13 (SD) years and did not differ in gender, age or years of medical practice from those that did not respond. Sixty three percent practiced as internists and dedicated 63 ± 26 (SD) percent of their time to clinical practice, 21 ± 16 percent to teaching activities and 16 ± 17 percent to research. More than half of respondents qualified the sections of the journal asgood or excellent. Fifty one per cent requested to include more clinical topics updates, 35 percent more articles on evidence based medicine and 34 percent more articles focused on continuing medical education. The more frequent free suggestions referred to changes in the format of the journal. Conclusions: Most readers are satisfied with the journal's contents. Suggested changes were referred to review articles and the journals format.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biomedical Research/standards , Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Public Opinion , Chile , Data Collection , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Con frecuencia en las investigaciones médicas se requiere analizar datos de tipo longitudinal que no pueden ser analizados por los métodos estadísticos clásicos de series cronológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la factibilidad del uso del método exploratorio multivariado STATIS (Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique) en un estudio antropométrico de una muestra de 57 mujeres adultas mayores de 60 años (rango: 69-82 años) del Gran Santiago, Chile, que fueron estudiadas en 5 ocasiones durante un período de 30 meses. Las variables de interés son las mediciones antropométricas: peso, talla, circunferencia brazo, circunferencia pantorrilla, circunferencia cintura, circunferencia cadera, altura rodilla; medidas cada 6 meses. Las variables peso, circunferencia de brazo, circunferencia de pantorrilla, circunferencia de cintura y circunferencia de cadera, fueron las más correlacionadas con el primer eje de compromiso y responden fundamentalmente a medidas de composición corporal como adiposidad y masa muscular. El eje 2, caracterizado por la talla y la altura de rodilla, responde al tamaño del esqueleto. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una evolución cronológica regular en los primeros 24 meses de observación, con un cambio de estructura a los 30 meses del estudio, así como una clasificación de grupos con diferente composición corporal.
Although in medical research the use of longitudinal data to analyze short time periods is frequently required, it does not permit the use of classic statistical methods for chronological series. The objective of this study is to present the possibility and plausibility of using the STATIS method (Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique), an explorative method for data analysis, in a study of the body composition of a sample of 57 women over 68 years of age in Santiago, Chile who were observed over a period of 30 months. The variables analyzed (measured every 6 months) were the following anthropometric measurements: weight, height, arm circumference, calf circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and knee height. The results obtained suggested a regular chronological evolution during the first 24 months of observation with a change in structure after 30 months of the study, thereby classifying subjects according to body composition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Constitution , Chile , Longitudinal Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Energy restriction (ER) extends life span in animals, by decreasing oxidative stress. AIM: To compare adiposity, metabolic variables and DNA oxidative damage, among adults, reporting a constant body weight (weight maintainers), versus those reporting a progressive increase (weight gainers). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical history, dietary recall, anthropometric measures, abdominal CT scan and fasting blood samples (to measure lipoproteins, glucose and insulin), were obtained in 44 males. These subjects were classified as weight maintainers if they had a change in weight of 3 kg or less in the last 10 years, or weight gainers, if they had a weight increment of more than 6 kg, in the same lapse. Oxidative damage was assessed by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in DNA extracted from circulating lymphocytes, in 5 weight maintainers, 8 weight gainers and 5 healthy elders. RESULTS: Energy Intake was 18% higher in weight gainers (p <0.01). Adiposity and central fat were higher among weight gainers (p <0.01). Abdominal fat correlated with serum lipoproteins, glucose and insulin sensitivity, assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). 8-OHdG levels did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of weight change based on the clinical history correlates with actual body composition, thus it may be a reliable indicator of long term energy Intake. This method could be comparable to weight clamp models employed in animals to study aging.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Animal , Body Composition , Body Weight , Caloric Restriction , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , DNA Damage , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Oxidative Stress , Risk Factors , Weight GainABSTRACT
Las formulaciones tópicas de vitamina C y E han demostrado su efectividad en la prevención del fotodaño de la piel. El uso oral de vitaminas A, C, D y E presenta resultados controversiales. Se revisa la literatura, con especial énfasis en los efectos adversos del uso oral de vitaminas.